In the modern era, there has been a significant effort to establish standardized accounting practices globally. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and Accounting Principles Board (APB) have played a crucial role in developing new standards and concepts, such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States. These organizations have worked collaboratively with academic researchers to shape accounting standards, particularly in areas like social and environmental accounting. The goal of these efforts has been to promote transparency, consistency, and reliability in financial reporting.