To fully understand the history of mathematics in Europe, it is important to consider developments in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Islamic civilization from the 9th to 15th century. These civilizations influenced each other, with Greece and Islam making significant direct contributions to later mathematician advancements. India's contributions were largely influenced by Indian achievements on Islamic mathematics during its formative years. A separate article focuses on the early history of mathematics in the Indian subcontinent and the development of the modern decimal place-value numeral system. Finally, East Asian mathematics covers the independent development of math in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.